Columbia University archaeologist Nan Rothschild walks her dog in Central Park each morning, not far from where William G.Wilson used to livemore than 150 years ago.
Archaeologist Nan Rothschild talks about the Seneca Village Project.(2:32)
Rothschild has unearthed what is left of Wilson’s home, as well as other remnants of Seneca Village, the first community of African American property owners in New York City.The village existed from the 1820s until 1857, when its inhabitants were evicted to make way for the creation of Central Park.
«Seneca Village was autonomous,» said Rothschild, director of museum studies at Columbia and research professor at Barnard College.«It had its own institutions, so its residents could live free from the everyday burdens of racism.It was a refuge.In a way, it was both in the city and out of the citylocated about three miles from the densely settled portion of Manhattan.»
Seneca Village was located within New York’s famous grid street system between 81st and 89th Streets and 7th and 8th Avenues, in what is now a portion of Central Park just east of Central Park West.
The Seneca Village Project, started in 1999, is managed by Rothschild and her co-directors, Diana Wall, of City College of New York and CUNY Graduate Center, and Cynthia Copeland, of New York University.Preliminary work included research of historical documents and soil analysis.Excavation, which began two months ago, is being conducted by the three scholars, as well as 10 undergraduates from colleges across New York City.The excavation portion of their research will conclude on July 29, but research of the artifacts will continue.
The team utilized ground-penetrating radar to study the area long before the dig.In fact, the radar showed them what they thought were artifacts concentrated in one place.They later learned that the radar had, in fact, found the walls of Wilson’s home.The discovery of his 19-foot by 21-foot home was, according to Rothschild, an accident.After indentifying the walls of the structure, the team excavated metal roofing, a stoneware beer bottle, kitchen utensils and clothing remnants from Wilson’s home.They also discovered ceramics and butchered animal bones near the home of another villager named Nancy Moore.
«Seneca Village was a middle-cla*s African American community,» said Rothschild.«Our notions of what African Americans were like in the 19th century do not usually include cla*s variations.In time, the village came to include Irish immigrants, which is counter to our ideas about how these two groups got along in that era.»
During its more than three decades, Seneca Village grew into a community of nearly 300 people.Two-thirds of its villagers were of African descent, while the rest were predominantly of Irish descent.The community included a school, as well as three churchesone of which was racially integrated.
«We know a great deal about Seneca Village from historic documents, but the archaeology gives us evidence of the fabric of peoples’ lives,» said Rothschild.«What foodsmeat especiallythey ate, what dishes they chose for their homes, how their homes were built.These are all details that are completely missing from the historical record and are really important in understanding, for example, how expressions of cla*sso visible in the purchase of home furnishingswere manifest in the village.»
The research would not have been possible without the extensive support of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and the Central Park Conservancy.
The excavation and identification of artifacts was funded by the National Science Foundation, National Geographic, the Durst Foundation, PSC-CUNY, the Richard Gilder Foundation and private contributions.
Contacts and sources:
Columbia University
Credit: Columbia University
«Seneca Village was autonomous,» said Rothschild, director of museum studies at Columbia and research professor at Barnard College.«It had its own institutions, so its residents could live free from the everyday burdens of racism.It was a refuge.In a way, it was both in the city and out of the citylocated about three miles from the densely settled portion of Manhattan.»
Seneca Village was located within New York’s famous grid street system between 81st and 89th Streets and 7th and 8th Avenues, in what is now a portion of Central Park just east of Central Park West.
The Seneca Village Project, started in 1999, is managed by Rothschild and her co-directors, Diana Wall, of City College of New York and CUNY Graduate Center, and Cynthia Copeland, of New York University.Preliminary work included research of historical documents and soil analysis.Excavation, which began two months ago, is being conducted by the three scholars, as well as 10 undergraduates from colleges across New York City.The excavation portion of their research will conclude on July 29, but research of the artifacts will continue.
The team utilized ground-penetrating radar to study the area long before the dig.In fact, the radar showed them what they thought were artifacts concentrated in one place.They later learned that the radar had, in fact, found the walls of Wilson’s home.The discovery of his 19-foot by 21-foot home was, according to Rothschild, an accident.After indentifying the walls of the structure, the team excavated metal roofing, a stoneware beer bottle, kitchen utensils and clothing remnants from Wilson’s home.They also discovered ceramics and butchered animal bones near the home of another villager named Nancy Moore.
«Seneca Village was a middle-cla*s African American community,» said Rothschild.«Our notions of what African Americans were like in the 19th century do not usually include cla*s variations.In time, the village came to include Irish immigrants, which is counter to our ideas about how these two groups got along in that era.»
During its more than three decades, Seneca Village grew into a community of nearly 300 people.Two-thirds of its villagers were of African descent, while the rest were predominantly of Irish descent.The community included a school, as well as three churchesone of which was racially integrated.
«We know a great deal about Seneca Village from historic documents, but the archaeology gives us evidence of the fabric of peoples’ lives,» said Rothschild.«What foodsmeat especiallythey ate, what dishes they chose for their homes, how their homes were built.These are all details that are completely missing from the historical record and are really important in understanding, for example, how expressions of cla*sso visible in the purchase of home furnishingswere manifest in the village.»
The research would not have been possible without the extensive support of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and the Central Park Conservancy.
The excavation and identification of artifacts was funded by the National Science Foundation, National Geographic, the Durst Foundation, PSC-CUNY, the Richard Gilder Foundation and private contributions.
Columbia University
Jim Beam Bacon Mustard, 11-Ounce (Pack of 6)
, which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lung.It causes high blood pressure in pulmonary capillaries of the lungs.The symptoms are shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, peripheral edema, etc.Pulmonary hypertension can be caused by Pulmonary arterial hypertension involves the vasoconstriction (tightening) of blood vessels connected to and within the lungs.This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, much as it is harder to make water flow through a narrow pipe as opposed to a wide one.Over time, the affected blood vessels become both stiffer and thicker, in a process known as fibrosis.This further increases the blood pressure within the lungs and impairs their blood flow.In addition, the increased workload of the heart causes hypertrophy of the right ventricle, making the heart less able to pump blood through the lungs, ultimately causing right heart failure. 
A few nice stress b complex images I found: 
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В В African Union Welcomes South Sudan as the 54th Member State of the Union В ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia, July 28, 2011/African Press Organization (APO)/ In accordance with the provisions of Article 29 (1) and (2) of the Constitutive Act of the African Union with respect to the process of accession to the Constitutive [...]
Childhood obesity risk factors: 
The farmer who works our fields planted corn this year; it has been four years I think since there was corn growing out there.By this time corn around here (and lots of people grow corn around here) is usually taller than I am.This year, however, we had such a wet spring that many [...] 
i was told by the physical therapists that i should aim to walk 30 min each day, regardless of the amount of pain it causes me.on my free mornings, i've started walking with z to the closest grocery store which has a starbucks (poffee shop, as z says).on sunday, z & i went on the walk, but the nice bob stroller had a flat tire that i couldn't fix, so i took him in the small umbrella stroller.my back was killing me later that day!
The weather got better during the day (no more rain) so I knew exactly what I wanted to do: Go on a photo-tour around the neighbourhood.
В В DDR sensitization mission in El Srief, North Darfur В EL FASHER (DARFUR), Sudan, July 26, 2011/African Press Organization (APO)/ A sensitization programme to disseminate messages on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and Small Arms Control was organized yesterday in El Srief locality, situated 45 kilometers North of El Fasher, North Darfur, by [...]
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Just as promised, I celebrated my wh*le weekend with OPM all in my mind.Despite of the rain showers that's drowning the metropolis, I pushed myself really hard to witness one of the most anticipated and outstanding concert series in Metro Manila last Saturday, the Avida Land Corporation's all-OPM free concert - Tunog Natin!
